Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid Damage and Its Association With Plasma Malondialdehyde Levels Among Patients With Cervical...

Purpose The objective of this research project was to estimate DNA damage in patients diagnosed with cervical cancer using the comet assay, establish a correlation between this quantification and the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA; plasma MDA), and compare the resulting parameters between the cases and age-matched controls. Materials and methods This study included 49 cervical cancer cases and 49 age-matched controls to measure DNA damage parameters such as comet length, head diameter, percentage of DNA in the comet head, tail length, percentage of DNA in the comet tail, and oxidative stress marker (plasma MDA) using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Comet metrics suggesting DNA damage, such as comet length, tail length, and percentage of DNA in the comet tail, were considerably higher in cervical cancer cases than in age-matched controls. The proportion of DNA in the comet head, representing undamaged/mild DNA damage, was significantly higher in age-matched controls than in cervical cancer patients. Plasma MDA and comet tail length were shown to have a positive correlation. Compared to the age-matched controls, those between the ages of 30 and 39, with a parity of two to four, who had a history of early age at first pregnancy and a positive family history of cervical cancer, had the highest level of DNA damage. Conclusion The elevated levels of comet parameters and their positive correlation with plasma MDA suggest that individuals diagnosed with cervical cancer have a higher degree of DNA damage compared to the control group. In conjunction with established methods like the PAP smear, this predictive test comprising comet assay and estimation of plasma MDA may be utilized to identify and assess the risk of cervical cancer in individuals aged 30-39 years, with a parity between two and four pregnancies and a prior history of early age at first pregnancy, accompanied by a positive family history of the disease.