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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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The Nucleolus02:55

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
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PIWI-interacting RNAs, or piRNAs, are the most abundant short non-coding RNAs. More than 20,000 genes have been found in humans that code for piRNAs while only 2000 genes have been found for miRNAs. piRNAs can act at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and have a vital role in silencing transposable elements present in germ cells. They are also involved in epigenetic silencing and activation. Previously, they were thought to function only in germ cells but new evidence suggests...
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Non-coding RNAs in gynecologic cancer.

Arezoo Solati1, Sina Thvimi2, Seyyed Hossein Khatami3

  • 1Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial role in gynecologic cancers, acting as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors. Research is exploring ncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for improved diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords:
BiomarkerCancerGynecologyNon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gynecologic cancers affect female reproductive organs.
  • Historically, cancer research focused on protein-coding genes.
  • Emerging research highlights the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of ncRNAs in gynecologic cancers.
  • To discuss the dual role of ncRNAs as oncogenic or tumor-suppressive agents.
  • To highlight ncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ncRNAs in gynecologic cancers.
  • Analysis of current clinical trials investigating ncRNAs.
  • Synthesis of evidence on ncRNA function and clinical relevance.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, including microRNAs, LncRNAs, and circular RNAs, modulate cellular functions in gynecologic cancers.
  • ncRNAs exhibit a dual role, acting as either oncogenic or tumor-suppressive molecules.
  • Numerous clinical trials are exploring ncRNAs for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs represent a significant area of research in gynecologic oncology.
  • Understanding ncRNA roles may lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • Further investigation into ncRNAs promises to advance gynecologic cancer care.