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Related Concept Videos

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives01:34

NMR Spectroscopy of Benzene Derivatives

8.2K
Simple unsubstituted benzene has six aromatic protons, all chemically equivalent. Therefore, benzene exhibits only a singlet peak at δ 7.3 ppm in the 1H NMR spectrum. The observed shift is far downfield because the aromatic ring current strongly deshields the protons. Any substitution on the benzene ring makes the aromatic protons nonequivalent, and the protons split each other. The peak is, therefore, no longer a singlet and the splitting pattern and their associated coupling...
8.2K
Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model01:18

Structure of Benzene: Molecular Orbital Model

9.1K
According to the molecular orbital (MO) model, benzene has a planar structure with a regular hexagon of six sp2 hybridized carbons. As shown in Figure 1, each carbon is bonded to three other atoms with C–C–C and H–C–C bond angles of 120°. The C–H bond length is 109 pm, and the C–C bond length is 139 pm which is midway between the single bond length of sp3 hybridized carbons (154 pm) and sp2 hybridized carbons (133 pm).
9.1K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene01:22

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Sulfonation of Benzene

6.1K
Sulfonation of benzene is a reaction wherein benzene is treated with fuming sulfuric acid at room temperature to produce benzenesulfonic acid. Fuming sulfuric acid is a mixture of sulfur trioxide and concentrated sulfuric acid.
6.1K
Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model01:07

Structure of Benzene: Kekulé Model

9.0K
In 1865, August Kekule suggested the structure of benzene according to the structural theory of organic chemistry based on the three assertions—formula of benzene is C6H6, all the hydrogens of benzene are equivalent, and each carbon must have four bonds due to its tetravalency.
He proposed that benzene has a cyclic structure of six carbon atoms attached to one hydrogen atom each, with three alternating pi bonds.
9.0K
Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism01:18

Benzene to 1,4-Cyclohexadiene: Birch Reduction Mechanism

2.2K
Birch reduction uses solvated electrons as reducing agents. The reaction converts benzene to 1,4-cyclohexadiene. The reaction proceeds by the transfer of a single electron to the ring to form a benzene radical anion. This anion is highly basic—it abstracts a proton from the alcohol to form a cyclohexadienyl radical. Another single electron transfer gives the cyclohexadienyl anion. A proton transfer from the alcohol forms 1,4-cyclohexadiene. Since this reduction occurs via radical anion...
2.2K
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene01:15

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Chlorination and Bromination of Benzene

8.1K
Chlorination and bromination are important classes of electrophilic aromatic substitutions, where benzene reacts with chlorine or bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to give halogenated substitution products. A Lewis acid such as aluminium chloride or ferric chloride catalyzes the chlorination, and ferric bromide catalyzes the bromination reactions. During the bromination of alkenes, bromine polarizes and becomes electrophilic. However, in the bromination of benzene, the bromine...
8.1K

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Electron stimulated desorption from condensed benzene.

L Álvarez1, A D Bass2, A I Lozano1,3,4

  • 1Fundamental Physics Institute, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 113-bis, Madrid 28006, Spain. g.garcia@csic.es.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 20, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Electron stimulated desorption of benzene thin films reveals electron-induced dissociation mechanisms. Dipolar dissociation is dominant, while secondary electrons from the platinum substrate drive dissociative electron attachment.

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1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions
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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Condensed benzene (C6H6) thin films on platinum substrates are studied.
  • Electron-induced dissociation is a key process in materials modification and surface chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate electron-induced dissociation of benzene thin films using electron stimulated desorption (ESD).
  • Analyze anion and cation desorption yields as a function of electron energy and film thickness.
  • Differentiate between dissociative electron attachment (DEA), dipolar dissociation (DD), and dissociative ionization (DI) mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of anions and cations from benzene thin films.
  • Measurement of desorption yields versus incident electron energy (10–950 eV).
  • Measurement of desorption yields versus film thickness (0.5–12 ML).

Main Results:

  • Dipolar dissociation (DD) is the primary mechanism at probed energies.
  • Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) is mainly induced by secondary electrons from the Pt substrate.
  • Parent positive ion desorption is significantly suppressed; anion and cation yields show similar energy dependence but differing thickness dependence.

Conclusions:

  • Dipolar dissociation is the dominant electron-induced dissociation pathway for condensed benzene.
  • Secondary electron effects play a crucial role in DEA.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms governing electron-induced dissociation in condensed matter.