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Updated: Jul 2, 2025
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Fabrication of a Dipole-assisted Solid Phase Extraction Microchip for Trace Metal Analysis in Water Samples
Published on: August 7, 2016
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4D-Printed Elution-Peak-Guided Dual-Responsive Monolithic Packing for the Solid-Phase Extraction of Metal Ions
Wen-Hsiu Tsai1, Cheng-Kuan Su1
1Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Analytical Chemistry
|February 21, 2024
Summary
Four-dimensional printing created a novel dual-responsive SPE column that improves metal ion analysis. This 4D-printed packing enhances elution, leading to lower detection limits for heavy metals in complex samples.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Analytical Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering
Background:
- Conventional solid-phase extraction (SPE) devices face limitations in analytical performance.
- Four-dimensional printing (4DP) offers advanced fabrication of stimuli-responsive materials.
- Developing novel SPE materials is crucial for sensitive trace metal analysis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To fabricate a 4D-printed SPE column with dual-responsive monolithic packing for enhanced metal ion extraction.
- To improve the analytical performance, specifically reducing method detection limits (MDLs), for targeted metal ions.
- To validate the method's reliability and applicability in analyzing complex real-world samples.
Main Methods:
- Employed N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-incorporated photocurable resins and digital light processing 3D printing.
- Designed a dual-responsive monolithic packing with interlacing cuboids for SPE.
- Utilized [H+]/temperature responsiveness for elution peak profile optimization and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for analysis.
Main Results:
- Successfully fabricated a 4D-printed SPE column with [H+]/temperature dual-responsive monolithic packing.
- Achieved significantly reduced MDLs for Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb ions (range, 0.2–7.2 ng L−1).
- Demonstrated improved elution peak profiles due to swelling-induced interstitial volume reduction.
Conclusions:
- The 4D-printed elution-peak-guided dual-responsive monolithic packing enhances SPE efficiency for metal ion analysis.
- This technology enables lower MDLs, facilitating the analysis of metal ions in complex matrices like seawater, urine, and river water.
- The developed SPE column shows high reliability and applicability for trace metal determination in diverse real samples.
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