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Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors of Post-COVID-19 Condition in a Multicenter Pediatric Primary

Anna Gatell1, Núria López2, Josep Balaguer-Martínez3

  • 1From the Equip Pediatria Territorial Garraf.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|February 21, 2024
PubMed

Insights

The prevalence of post-COVID-19 condition in children is unclear. A study found 4.9% of pediatric patients experienced persistent symptoms 12 weeks after COVID-19, with anosmia being most common.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Longitudinal Cohort Studies
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) prevalence in children remains poorly defined.
  • Understanding pediatric PCC is crucial for public health and clinical management.
  • Limited data exists on the long-term symptom trajectory following acute COVID-19 in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of post-COVID-19 condition in a cohort of children.
  • To identify risk factors associated with the development of persistent symptoms after COVID-19 in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective cohort study involving 244 children diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • Follow-up duration of 6 months, with symptom assessment at 12 weeks post-infection.
  • Statistical analysis to identify factors associated with persistent symptoms.

Main Results:

  • 4.9% of pediatric patients exhibited persistent symptoms at 12 weeks post-COVID-19 infection.
  • Anosmia (loss of smell) was the most frequently reported persistent symptom.
  • Female sex and experiencing more than three symptoms during acute COVID-19 infection were associated with a higher risk of developing post-COVID-19 condition.

Conclusions:

  • Post-COVID-19 condition affects a notable percentage of children, characterized by persistent symptoms like anosmia.
  • Identifying female children and those with multiple acute symptoms can aid in risk stratification for PCC.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the pathophysiology and long-term outcomes of pediatric PCC.

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