Magnetic field directed assembly of magnetic non-spherical microparticles

This study reports on the fabrication and assembly of anisotropic microparticles as versatile building blocks for directed magnetic assemblies. Although spherical microparticles have received extensive attention, the assembly of non-spherical magnetic microparticles remains underexplored. Herein, we present a fabrication approach that utilizes photolithography and soft lithography to create prism-shaped magnetic microparticles. In order to investigate their assembly, a switching rotating magnetic field was employed. To support our experimental findings, a numerical model which takes into account the magnetic dipole moments induced by the field of other particles was developed. This model helps in understanding the forces and torques governing particle behavior during assembly. Simulations were conducted using the numerical model to complement our experimental findings. In the two particle experiments, attractive magnetic interactions led to various configurations depending on initial positions. For three particles, a tip-to-tip configuration suggested closed or stable ring-like structures. Our work highlights the feasibility of producing highly responsive, non-spherical magnetic microparticles and their potential for assemblies. The versatile fabrication method, coupled with the added degree of freedom conferred by prismatic shapes, opens promising avenues for applications in biology and material science.