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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing in the Filamentous Ascomycete Huntiella omanensis
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An ascomycete H4 variant with an unknown function.

Michel Flipphi1, María Laura Harispe2, Zsuzsanna Hamari3

  • 1Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Royal Society Open Science
|February 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel histone H4 variant (H4E) is found in fungi, but it cannot replace canonical H4. This H4E variant exists across major fungal lineages but lacks a detectable function.

Keywords:
ascomyceteschromatinhistone H4 variant

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Histone variants influence nucleosome structure and DNA accessibility.
  • Histone H4 variants are rare, making their discovery significant.
  • Fungal genomes were explored for novel histone variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize novel histone H4 variants in fungi.
  • To investigate the distribution and genetic features of the identified H4 variant.
  • To explore the functional role of the H4 variant in *Aspergillus nidulans*.

Main Methods:

  • In silico analysis of fungal genomes.
  • Comparative gene structure analysis.
  • Protein expression and localization studies in *Aspergillus nidulans*.
  • Phenotypic analysis of gene deletion and overexpression mutants.

Main Results:

  • A novel histone H4 variant (H4E) was discovered across Ascomycetes, Taphrinomycotina, and Glomeromycota.
  • H4E genes possess unique intron/exon structures and distinct N- and C-terminal regions compared to canonical H4.
  • H4E is expressed in *Aspergillus nidulans* under specific conditions, localizes to the nucleus, and interacts with H3.
  • H4E cannot compensate for the loss of canonical H4, indicating no functional redundancy.

Conclusions:

  • A widespread fungal histone H4 variant (H4E) has been identified.
  • H4E exhibits unique genetic and biochemical properties but lacks a discernible function in *Aspergillus nidulans*.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise role of H4E in fungal biology.