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Systems-wide view of host-pathogen interactions across COVID-19 severities using integrated omics analysis
Mairembam Stelin Singh1,2, Anand Pyati3, R Devika Rubi4
1Department of Biochemistry, SCLS, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India.
Iscience
|February 22, 2024
Summary
COVID-19 severity is linked to how the body handles protein production. Mild cases boost translation, while severe cases slow it down, revealing a paradoxical host response.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Genomics
Background:
- The mechanisms behind varying COVID-19 severity (mild to severe) remain unclear.
- Understanding gene expression markers is crucial for predicting disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify key gene expression markers associated with COVID-19 severity.
- To explore the host-pathogen interactions influencing disease manifestations.
Main Methods:
- Integrated analysis of host-pathogen protein-protein interactions and viral-induced host gene expression.
- RNA-sequencing data analysis from peripheral blood mononuclear cells across disease spectrum.
- Pathway enrichment analysis focusing on SARS-CoV-2 targeted host proteins.
Main Results:
- Identified differentially expressed genes across mild, moderate, and severe COVID-19.
- SARS-CoV-2 targeted pathways strongly associated with ribosomal biogenesis, translation, and translocation.
- These pathways were upregulated in mild cases but downregulated in severe cases.
Conclusions:
- COVID-19 exhibits a paradoxical host response concerning protein synthesis.
- Mild infections may boost host/viral translation, whereas severe infections suppress it.
- This suggests distinct molecular mechanisms underlying different COVID-19 severity levels.
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