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CE: Beyond PICO-A New Question Simplifies the Search for Evidence
Julee Waldrop1, Jayne Jennings Dunlap
1Julee Waldrop is a professor at the Duke University School of Nursing in Durham, NC, and editor-in-chief of the Journal for Nurse Practitioners . Jayne Jennings Dunlap is an associate professor at the Texas Woman's University College of Nursing in Houston. Contact author: Julee Waldrop, julee.waldrop@duke.edu . The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
The American Journal of Nursing
|February 22, 2024
Summary
The PICO question framework is not optimal for all nursing quality improvement initiatives. A new PPCO (problem, population, change, outcome) framework simplifies evidence searches for nurses addressing complex problems.
Area of Science:
- Nursing
- Evidence-Based Practice
- Quality Improvement
Background:
- The PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) framework is widely used in medicine for treatment decisions.
- PICO can be suboptimal for evidence searches when the issue is not treatment-related, particularly in nursing quality improvement.
- Nurses need to understand both external research and internal data for evidence-based practice quality improvement (EBPQI) initiatives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and describe the PPCO (problem, population, change, outcome) question framework.
- To provide a universal and simplified approach to question development for EBPQI initiatives.
- To facilitate a more effective search for evidence in nursing.
Main Methods:
- Conceptual development of the PPCO framework.
- Comparison of PPCO with the PICO framework for applicability in EBPQI.
- Focus on addressing nursing issues beyond direct patient treatment.
Main Results:
- The PPCO framework offers a more suitable approach for EBPQI initiatives unrelated to direct treatment comparisons.
- PPCO simplifies the process of formulating questions for evidence searching in nursing.
- The framework is designed for universal application to diverse nursing problems.
Conclusions:
- The PPCO framework is a valuable alternative to PICO for nursing EBPQI initiatives.
- Implementing PPCO can enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of evidence-based practice in nursing.
- This framework supports a comprehensive approach to addressing nursing problems and improving care quality.
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