Superhydrophilic Dendritic FeP/Cu₃P Electrocatalyst for Urea Splitting via the Intramolecular Mechanism

The electrocatalytic overall urea splitting can achieve the dual goals of urea treatment and hydrogen energy acquisition. Herein, we exploited the principle of precipitation dissolution equilibrium to obtain bimetallic phosphide FeP/Cu₃P/CF for the simultaneous oxidation of urea and reduction of water and comprehensively reveal the inherent molecular thermodynamic mechanisms on the surface of catalysts. The excellent electrochemical performance can be derived from the super water affinity and synergistic effect. Especially, the theoretical calculation unveils that the synergistic effect between FeP and Cu₃P can lower the activation energy required for urea electrooxidation, thereby promoting urea splitting. In situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (in situ DEMS) measurements further demonstrated that urea oxidation on FeP/Cu₃P/CF proceeded according to the intramolecular mechanism. This work has laid the foundation for constructing highly efficient superhydrophilic bifunctional electrocatalysts.