Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

973
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
973
NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

1.4K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
1.4K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

923
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
923
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.0K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

All-optical polarization control in time-varying low-index films via plasma symmetry breaking.

Nature photonics·2026
Same author

Correction to "Anomalous Absorption in Arrays of Metallic Nanoparticles: A Powerful Tool for Quantum Dot Optoelectronics".

Nano letters·2026
Same author

Second-harmonic bichromatic dispersive wave comb generation in a dissipative Kerr temporal soliton Fabry-Perot.

Optics letters·2026
Same author

Twist-induced orbital chirality in a photonic laser.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Gold-polymer hybrid metasurface for polarization-independent enhanced third harmonic generation in the ultraviolet.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Compact Second-Harmonic Generation in the C‑Exciton Band of 3R-MoS<sub>2</sub> for Integrated Quantum Photonics.

ACS photonics·2026
Same journal

Sub1 contributes to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction driven by aging in mice.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

The BRCA1-A complex restricts replication fork reversal-dependent DNA repair in ATM deficient cells.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Signaling downstream of tumor-stroma interaction regulates mucinous colorectal adenocarcinoma apicobasal polarity.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Click-polymerized polyenamine membranes for efficient lithium extraction.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Joint trajectories of brain atrophy, white matter hyperintensities and cognition quantify brain maintenance.

Nature communications·2026
Same journal

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Nature communications·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

9.9K

Nonlinear spin-orbit coupling in optical thin films.

Domenico de Ceglia1,2, Laure Coudrat3, Iännis Roland4

  • 1CNIT and Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, Brescia, 25123, Italy. domenico.deceglia@unibs.it.

Nature Communications
|February 22, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrated tunable vortex beam generation using nonlinear spin-orbit interactions in thin films. This method, utilizing aluminum gallium arsenide, can create vector vortex beams for advanced communications and sensing applications.

More Related Videos

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

7.1K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser
09:00

Experimental Methods for Spin- and Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy Combined with Polarization-Variable Laser

Published on: June 28, 2018

9.9K
Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures
08:01

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

Published on: November 21, 2019

7.1K
Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing
15:58

Measurement of Coherence Decay in GaMnAs Using Femtosecond Four-wave Mixing

Published on: December 3, 2013

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Optics and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Nonlinear Optics

Background:

  • Tunable generation of vortex beams is crucial for applications in communications and sensing.
  • Nonlinear optical phenomena in materials enable advanced light manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the feasibility of nonlinear spin-orbit interactions for generating tunable vortex beams.
  • To experimentally validate theoretical predictions in a practical material system.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing thin films with second-order nonlinear susceptibility.
  • Investigating nonlinear tensor mixing of pump field components.
  • Experimentally performing second-harmonic generation in aluminum gallium arsenide.

Main Results:

  • Nonlinear spin-orbit interactions were successfully demonstrated in aluminum gallium arsenide thin films.
  • The nonlinear tensor was shown to mix longitudinal and transverse pump field components.
  • Vector vortex beams of second-harmonic light were produced from circularly-polarized Gaussian beams.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlinear thin films can be effectively used to generate vector vortex beams.
  • Aluminum gallium arsenide is a viable material platform for active, nonlinear, and quantum photonic devices.
  • This work advances the capabilities for creating tailored light beams for specialized applications.