Housing European Ground Squirrels (Spermophilus citellus) for an Ex Situ Conservation Program

Area of Science:

• Zoology
• Conservation Biology
• Animal Husbandry

Background:

• European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) populations have significantly declined over the past 70 years.
• Habitat protection alone is insufficient for species survival; ex situ conservation is crucial.
• Understanding captive animal needs is essential for successful breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate preferred nest-building materials for European ground squirrels in captivity.
• To determine optimal feed choices for European ground squirrels in ex situ conservation programs.
• To inform indoor housing technology for the species protection program.

Main Methods:

• European ground squirrels were offered a choice of three nest materials: paper, Lignocel, and hay.
• Animals selected from three feed types: commercial rabbit feed, complete rabbit feed, and a natural grain feed mix.
• Preference was assessed based on material choice and subsequent nest quality and feed consumption.

Main Results:

• Squirrels significantly preferred hay for nest construction, leading to higher quality nests.
• The natural grain feed mix, containing animal protein, was the preferred food source.
• The preferred feed composition was closest to the species' natural diet.

Conclusions:

• Hay is the optimal nesting material for captive European ground squirrels.
• A naturalistic grain feed mix, including animal protein, supports successful captive feeding.
• These preferences are vital for effective ex situ conservation and captive breeding of European ground squirrels.