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Recent Advances and Challenges in the Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Preterm Labor

Prashil Gondane1, Sakshi Kumbhakarn1, Pritiprasanna Maity2

  • 1Department of Medical Devices, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Kolkata, 168, Maniktala Main Road, Kankurgachi, Kolkata 700054, India.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 23, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Preterm birth (PTB) is a leading cause of infant death. This review covers risk factors, early detection methods like multi-omics and AI/ML, and point-of-care testing for PTB.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and long-term infant disabilities.
  • The complex and often unknown mechanisms underlying PTB hinder timely diagnosis and intervention.
  • Early detection is critical for managing and preventing adverse outcomes associated with PTB.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of preterm labor risk factors.
  • To review conventional and advanced methods for early PTB detection.
  • To discuss emerging technologies and challenges in PTB diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of risk factors, diagnostic procedures, and therapeutic measures for PTB.
  • Exploration of multi-omics and artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) approaches for early detection.
  • Analysis of proteomic biomarker detection principles using lateral flow immunoassays and microfluidic chips.

Main Results:

  • Identified known risk factors associated with preterm labor.
  • Evaluated conventional and advanced PTB detection strategies, including multi-omics and AI/ML.
  • Discussed the application of lateral flow immunoassays and microfluidic chips for proteomic biomarker detection.
  • Examined commercially available point-of-care testing (POCT) devices for PTB and their limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of PTB remains a significant challenge due to complex underlying mechanisms.
  • Advanced techniques like multi-omics, AI/ML, and novel biomarker detection platforms show promise for improving PTB diagnosis.
  • Further development and validation of POCT devices are needed to overcome current challenges in PTB management.

Keywords:
biomarkerslateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) devicemicrofluidicsmulti-omicsprelabor rupture of membrane (PROM)preterm birth (PTB)

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