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Fusarium sporotrichioides Produces Two HT-2-α-Glucosides on Rice.
Thomas Svoboda1, Roman Labuda2,3, Michael Sulyok4
1Institute of Microbial Genetics, Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Konrad-Lorenz-Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria.
Toxins
|February 23, 2024
Summary
This study identifies a Fusarium sporotrichioides strain producing T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and a novel HT-2-glucoside. Optimal conditions for these mycotoxin productions were determined on rice medium.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Plant Pathology
- Food Safety
Background:
- Fusarium fungi are significant plant pathogens.
- They produce toxic secondary metabolites, including trichothecenes.
- Type A trichothecene production by Fusarium sporotrichioides is a concern.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the secondary metabolite profile of a specific Fusarium sporotrichioides isolate.
- To optimize conditions for the production of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-glucoside.
- To elucidate the structure and formation pathway of HT-2-glucoside.
Main Methods:
- Culturing Fusarium sporotrichioides on autoclaved rice.
- Optimizing incubation temperature, light, and time for toxin production.
- Purification and structural elucidation of HT-2-glucoside using NMR spectroscopy.
- Enzymatic assays to investigate hydrolysis and formation pathways.
Main Results:
- The isolate produced T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, and HT-2-glucoside.
- Optimal production conditions varied for each toxin.
- HT-2-glucoside was identified as a mixture of two alpha-glucosides.
- The fungal strain expressed a trans-glycosylating alpha-glucosidase, not a glucosyltransferase.
Conclusions:
- Fusarium sporotrichioides isolate 15-39 produces T-2 and HT-2 toxins along with HT-2-glucoside.
- Specific environmental conditions favor the production of these mycotoxins.
- The HT-2-glucoside is likely formed by a fungal alpha-glucosidase, differing from plant glycosylation mechanisms.
