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Gender Influence on XOR Activities and Related Pathologies: A Narrative Review.
Andrea Bolognesi1, Massimo Bortolotti1, Maria Giulia Battelli1
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences-DIMEC, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 24, 2024
Summary
Gender differences in purine metabolism impact health. Higher uric acid and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) activity in men are linked to diseases, suggesting gender-specific treatments are needed for better health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Medical Science
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Gender-specific physiological differences exist, impacting disease risk and treatment.
- Purine catabolism, involving uric acid and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), shows notable gender divergences.
- Elevated uric acid and XOR levels are associated with various pathologies, including gout, hypertension, and metabolic disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review gender-related differences in purine catabolism.
- To analyze the association between serum uric acid/XOR levels and associated pathologies.
- To explore opportunities for gender-driven pharmacological interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on gender differences in purine metabolism.
- Analysis of studies linking uric acid and XOR levels to disease prevalence.
- Examination of pharmacological approaches tailored to gender-specific metabolic profiles.
Main Results:
- Physiological serum levels of uric acid and XOR activity are higher in men than in women.
- These elevated levels in men are correlated with increased risks of gout, hypertension, and cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases.
- Significant gender-based disparities exist in the pathological consequences of purine catabolism.
Conclusions:
- Acknowledging gender is crucial for precise and equitable medicine.
- Gender-specific variations in uric acid and XOR metabolism necessitate tailored therapeutic strategies.
- Gender-driven pharmacological treatments hold promise for managing associated diseases more effectively.
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