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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

Published on: November 16, 2018

Low-Temperature Calcium Phosphate Ceramics Can Modulate Monocytes and Macrophages Inflammatory Response In Vitro.

Vladislav V Minaychev¹, Polina V Smirnova², Margarita I Kobyakova¹

¹Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Russia.

|February 24, 2024

Summary

Low-temperature ceramics like Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate (DCPD), Octacalcium Phosphate (OCP), and Hydroxyapatite (HAp) show promise for bone regeneration. DCPD demonstrated the most favorable biological activity in vitro, suggesting its potential for patients with inflammatory conditions.

Keywords:

biocompatibility biomaterials bone tissue engineering calcium phosphates cell technology regenerative medicine tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Regenerative Medicine
Immunology

Background:

Bone tissue regeneration faces challenges, with low-temperature ceramics like Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and its precursors (Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate-DCPD, Octacalcium Phosphate-OCP) showing potential.
Limited understanding exists regarding the impact of these ceramics on reparative processes, immunostimulation, and aseptic inflammation, which can lead to material rejection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the in vitro effects of DCPD, OCP, and HAp on monocyte-like and macrophage-like cells during inflammation.
To assess the influence of these ceramics on cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production, phagocytosis, and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion.

Main Methods:

Utilized stable cell models: monocyte-like (THP-1ATRA) and macrophage-like (THP-1PMA) cells.
Induced a model inflammation using lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
Assessed ceramic particle effects on cell viability, ROS/NO production, phagocytosis, and cytokine secretion.

Main Results:

All tested ceramic particles (DCPD, OCP, HAp) exhibited biological activity towards human monocyte and macrophage cells in vitro.
These activities suggest potential for bone tissue restoration and regeneration in the peri-implant environment.
DCPD showed the most favorable overall impact on the cellular models, particularly in conditions of latent inflammation.

Conclusions:

Investigated ceramics possess bioactive properties relevant to bone regeneration.
DCPD is identified as a potentially preferable ceramic for implantation, especially in patients with compromised or unpredictable immune status.
Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these findings for clinical applications.