Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Flow diversion in proximal superior cerebellar artery aneurysms: Systematic review of clinical outcomes and exploratory hemodynamic analysis.

Neurosurgical review·2026

Same author

Challenging diagnosis of subaxial bow hunter's syndrome presenting with recurrent posterior circulation infarcts: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026

Same author

Current State of Orthobiologics in Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis-Future Directions.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026

Same author

Molecular and Pathophysiological Mechanisms Underlying Chronic Subdural Hematoma Recurrence: A Comprehensive Review.

Neuromolecular medicine·2026

Same author

LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in Neurosurgery: Exploring Physicians' Knowledge, Experience, and Competence.

Neurosurgery practice·2026

Same author

Resolution of severe lumbar spinal epidural lipomatosis following tirzepatide-induced weight loss: illustrative case.

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation for Spinal Cord Injury in Humans: A Systematic Review.

J I Chalif^1,2, V S Chavarro^1,2,3, E Mensah⁴

¹Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Journal of Clinical Medicine

|February 24, 2024

Summary

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) significantly improves motor and autonomic functions in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. This treatment, combined with rehabilitation, offers a generally safe and effective approach for neurological recovery.

Keywords:

autonomic function epidural spinal cord stimulation sensorimotor function spinal cord injury

More Related Videos

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

Author Spotlight: Advancing Spinal Cord Stimulation - Exploring the Cellular Responses of Motor Neurons Through Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology

Author Spotlight: Advancing Spinal Cord Stimulation - Exploring the Cellular Responses of Motor Neurons Through Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology

Published on: September 8, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 23, 2026

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Treating Low Back Pain in Failed Back Surgery Patients with Multicolumn-lead Spinal Cord Stimulation

Published on: June 26, 2018

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Paradigms of Lower Extremity Electrical Stimulation Training After Spinal Cord Injury

Published on: February 1, 2018

Author Spotlight: Advancing Spinal Cord Stimulation - Exploring the Cellular Responses of Motor Neurons Through Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology

Author Spotlight: Advancing Spinal Cord Stimulation - Exploring the Cellular Responses of Motor Neurons Through Patch-Clamp Electrophysiology

Published on: September 8, 2023

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes severe sensorimotor and autonomic dysfunction.
Epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) is an evolving treatment for chronic SCI.
Assessing eSCS efficacy and safety is crucial for patient recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the contribution of eSCS to neurological function recovery in SCI patients.
To review the efficacy and safety of eSCS in treating chronic SCI.
To evaluate eSCS impact on motor and autonomic functions.

Main Methods:

Systematic review adhering to PRISMA guidelines.
Comprehensive literature search across major scientific databases up to September 2023.
Extraction and analysis of data on locomotor, cardiovascular, pulmonary, and genitourinary functions.

Main Results:

64 studies involving 306 patients were analyzed.
Significant motor improvements: 44% achieved assisted/independent stepping, 87% enhanced muscle activity, 65% faster walking, 80% improved overground walking.
Autonomic function enhancements observed in bladder, sexual, and bowel functions; airway pressures improved. Adverse effects were infrequent.

Conclusions:

Epidural spinal cord stimulation (eSCS) shows promise as an effective and safe treatment for chronic SCI.
Combining eSCS with intensive physical rehabilitation optimizes neurological recovery.
Standardized parameters and therapy regimens are needed to maximize eSCS benefits for specific SCI populations.