Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain...

This narrative review summarizes the current evidence on regenerative peptides relevant to chronic pain management, including collagen peptides, body protection compound-157 (BPC-157), thymosin beta-4 (TB-4), thymosin beta-500 (TB-500), glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine copper (GHK-Cu), growth hormone-related peptides, and cibinetide (ARA-290). We review their proposed mechanisms of action, potential clinical applications, preclinical and clinical evidence, safety profiles, and regulatory status.

Chronic pain imposes a substantial global burden, yet conventional management strategies often fail to achieve durable, long-term outcomes and primarily focus on symptom control. Regenerative medicine has emerged as a promising alternative by targeting tissue repair and restoration. Among the various therapeutic approaches within regenerative medicine, peptide-based therapies have gained significant attention in recent decades, with growing evidence supporting the efficacy of these interventions. Despite their therapeutic potential, evidence regarding the role of regenerative peptides in chronic pain management remains limited. By synthesizing the available literature, this review aims to provide an evidence-based framework for understanding the potential role of these therapeutic peptides in chronic pain management. However, because most of these therapies remain unapproved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and clinical evidence in humans is limited, their use should be guided by careful clinical judgment and ongoing evaluation of emerging evidence.