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Imiquimod Solubility in Different Solvents: An Interpretative Approach.

Daisy Sorgi1, Andrea Sartori1, Saveria Germani1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Investigating imiquimod (IMQ) solubility in various solvents revealed complex behavior. IMQ solubility is influenced by temperature and time, with association phenomena affecting its behavior in polar solvents.

Keywords:
equilibrium solubilityhyperchromic effectimiquimodmolecular association

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Imiquimod (IMQ) is typically formulated in lipophilic semi-solid topical preparations.
  • Developing novel IMQ formulations, such as powders from spray drying, requires understanding its solubility in diverse solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the solubility of imiquimod (IMQ) in various solvents.
  • To assess the impact of temperature, stirring, and contact time on IMQ equilibrium solubility.
  • To explore the applicability of solubility parameters and solution models for IMQ.

Main Methods:

  • Equilibrium solubility measurements of IMQ in water, ethanol, methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and dimethyl sulfoxide at different temperatures.
  • Evaluation of solid-liquid equilibrium attainment times.
  • Analysis of IMQ solutions using principles of solution thermodynamics and spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • IMQ equilibrium solubility is significantly affected by temperature, stirring intensity, and contact time.
  • Solid-liquid equilibrium was reached in 13 days from solid IMQ and 2 days from supersaturated solutions.
  • No correlation was found between IMQ solubility and solvent solubility parameters.
  • IMQ solutions exhibited non-ideal behavior due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π-stacking, evidenced by a hyperchromic effect in polar solvents.
  • IMQ reacted with acetone, rendering solubility data unreliable.

Conclusions:

  • IMQ solubility is complex and influenced by solvent-solute interactions, including hydrogen bonding and π-stacking.
  • Standard solution models like Scatchard-Hildebrand are not directly applicable to IMQ solutions.
  • Acetone is unsuitable as a solvent for IMQ due to chemical reactivity.
  • Findings provide crucial data for developing innovative IMQ powder formulations.