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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Prevalence and Incidence

In statistical epidemiology and health sciences, two essential metrics—prevalence and incidence—are fundamental for understanding disease dynamics within a population. These measures enable public health officials, epidemiologists, and researchers to assess the burden of diseases, allocate resources effectively, and design impactful public health policies and interventions.
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Study Designs in Epidemiology

Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
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Genital herpes is a sexually transmitted infection primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is increasingly implicated in genital infections, particularly among younger populations. Transmission occurs mainly through sexual contact, with asymptomatic viral shedding serving as a major route of spread. This characteristic makes HSV-2 difficult to control at a population level, as individuals may unknowingly transmit the virus even in the...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3
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Cohort Profile: The Zurich Primary HIV Infection Study.

Matt C Freind1, Carmen Tallón de Lara1, Roger D Kouyos1,2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.

Microorganisms
|February 24, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Zurich Primary HIV Infection study tracks individuals with early HIV-1 infection, revealing a consistent decrease in antiretroviral therapy initiation time. This research enhances understanding of HIV pathogenesis and improves treatment strategies.

Keywords:
HIVacute HIV infectionacute retroviral syndromeclinical presentationcohort profileprimary HIV infectionrecent HIV infectionsexually transmitted diseases

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The Zurich Primary HIV Infection (ZPHI) study, established in 2002, is a key longitudinal cohort.
  • It focuses on understanding the clinical, epidemiological, and biological aspects of primary HIV infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize primary HIV-1 infection through systematic data collection and biobanking.
  • To analyze trends in diagnosis and treatment initiation over two decades.
  • To investigate symptoms during the seroconversion phase and their classification.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal cohort study design enrolling individuals with documented primary HIV-1 infection.
  • Systematic collection of socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at baseline and follow-up.
  • Regular blood sampling for biobanking and analysis.

Main Results:

  • 486 participants enrolled by December 2022, with 353 in active follow-up.
  • Majority (86%) had acute infection; 74% of participants were men who have sex with men.
  • Median time from infection to diagnosis was 32 days; median time from diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy initiation was 11 days, showing a decreasing trend.
  • 92% reported symptoms during seroconversion, but only 73% met criteria for typical acute retroviral syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • The ZPHI study is a well-characterized, extensively studied cohort for primary HIV infection.
  • Findings advance understanding of early HIV infection, pathogenesis, and translational research.
  • The study contributes to improving HIV medicine and patient outcomes.