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Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.

Coagulation

Coagulation

Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...

Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Centrifugation

Centrifugation

Centrifugation is a separation technique based on differences in density or size. It is commonly used to separate solids from aqueous interferents. During centrifugation, the sample is placed in centrifugation tubes and spun at high angular velocity, which allows centrifugal force to act differentially on the different densities or masses of the components. After spinning, the supernatant liquid is decanted. Depending on the specific application, either the pellet or the supernatant is retained...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

How to steer active colloids up a vertical wall.

Adérito Fins Carreira¹, Adam Wysocki², Christophe Ybert¹

¹Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, Villeurbanne, France.

Nature Communications

|February 24, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Active matter particles, propelled by self-propulsion, can climb walls against gravity. This creates a dynamic layer and a global flux, unlike passive wetting layers.

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Last Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

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Published on: September 5, 2018

Preparation and 3D Tracking of Catalytic Swimming Devices

Preparation and 3D Tracking of Catalytic Swimming Devices

Published on: July 1, 2016

Area of Science:

Physics
Soft Matter Physics
Colloidal Science

Background:

Active matter systems harness local work for global effects.
Capillary rise is a classical phenomenon in passive systems.
Self-propelled Janus colloids exhibit complex behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the active matter analogue of capillary rise.
Explore particle behavior at a vertical wall.
Understand the generation of global work from local activity.

Main Methods:

Experimental study of self-propelled Janus colloids near a wall.
Development of a complementary numerical model.
Analysis of particle dynamics and layer formation.

Main Results:

Observed an unexpected dynamic adsorption layer at the wall.
Demonstrated that an adhesive and aligning wall enhances polarity heterogeneity.
Showed polar active particles climbing the wall against gravity.
Established a steady-state global flux powered by active particles.

Conclusions:

Active matter can generate directed global flux against gravity.
Wall interactions significantly influence active matter collective behavior.
This active capillary rise effect offers a novel route for work extraction.