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Making the case for resistance training in improving vascular function and skeletal muscle capillarization.

Mason C McIntosh1, Derick A Anglin1, Austin T Robinson1

  • 1School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.

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|February 26, 2024
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Resistance training (RT) improves vascular function, increasing artery size and blood flow. Chronic RT enhances skeletal muscle capillarity, contradicting older findings and supporting its role in vascular health.

Keywords:
angiogenesisblood flowbrachial arterycapillarieshypertrophyresistance trainingskeletal muscle

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Skeletal Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Resistance training (RT) is known for improving strength and muscle growth.
  • Vascular benefits of RT have been historically underemphasized compared to endurance training.
  • Emerging evidence suggests RT positively impacts vascular health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for assessing vascular and skeletal muscle capillary characteristics.
  • To examine acute and chronic vascular responses to resistance exercise.
  • To discuss the mechanisms underlying RT's vascular adaptations.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of large artery size and function using various techniques.
  • Measurement of skeletal muscle capillary characteristics.
  • Analysis of data from acute and chronic resistance training studies in humans and rodents.

Main Results:

  • A single bout of RT increases large artery diameter and blood flow velocity, mediated by vasoactive substances.
  • Chronic RT improves basal limb blood flow, arterial diameter, and lowers blood pressure.
  • Longitudinal studies show RT increases skeletal muscle capillarity, linked to hypertrophy.

Conclusions:

  • Resistance training confers significant vascular benefits, including improved arterial function and blood flow.
  • Contrary to older beliefs, RT enhances skeletal muscle capillarity, especially with chronic training.
  • Mechanisms involving vasoactive substances and mechanical overload contribute to vascular adaptations from RT.