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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists01:23

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Serotonin Receptor Agonists

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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management01:26

Peptic Ulcer Disease IV: Management

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Medical treatment strategies for peptic ulcers encompass various methods. The primary goal of treatment is to diminish gastric acidity and strengthen mucosal defense mechanisms.
The therapeutic approach involves ensuring adequate rest, implementing drug therapy, promoting smoking cessation, making dietary modifications, and emphasizing long-term follow-up care.
Pharmacological management
The prevailing therapy for peptic ulcers involves a combination of managing the patient's current...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
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Neuromodulation for functional upper gastrointestinal diseases.

Jiande Chen1

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.

Gut Microbiota and Integrative Wellness
|February 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Neuromodulation techniques, including electrical stimulation of nerves and the gastrointestinal tract, show promise for treating upper gastrointestinal functional diseases like GERD and gastroparesis.

Keywords:
electrical stimulationfunctional dyspepsiagastroesophageal refluxgastrointestinal motilitygastroparesis

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Neuromodulation is gaining significant traction across academia, industry, and funding bodies.
  • Functional diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract present a growing clinical challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the methods, applications, and mechanisms of neuromodulation for upper gastrointestinal functional diseases.
  • To provide an expert perspective on the current state and future directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search on neuromodulation methods: vagus nerve, sacral nerve, spinal cord stimulation, direct gastrointestinal electrical stimulation, and noninvasive/transcutaneous electrical stimulation.
  • Selective presentation of clinical applications for gastroesophageal reflux disease, functional dyspepsia, and gastroparesis based on expert opinion.

Main Results:

  • Various neuromodulation methods are detailed, including invasive and noninvasive electrical stimulation techniques.
  • Clinical applications for key functional gastrointestinal disorders are discussed, highlighting current evidence and expert insights.

Conclusions:

  • Neuromodulation offers a promising therapeutic avenue for functional gastrointestinal disorders.
  • Further research and clinical validation are essential to optimize neuromodulation strategies for improved patient outcomes.