Continuous Nanomanufacturing of Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with High-Concentration Precursors

The microscale flow preparation scheme has been widely used in the preparation of inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (NCs). It is considered to be the most promising method for large-scale production. Recently, it has been suggested that increasing the precursor concentration can further improve efficiency, but there is still a lack of understanding of high-concentration synthesis. Here, we develop a microscale flow synthesis scheme using high-concentration precursors, and the typical concentration value in the reaction phase reaches 0.035 mol/L using cesium acetate. The CsPbBr₃ NCs with sharp photoluminescence (PL) at 515.7 nm can be obtained, and their PL quantum yield after post-treatment exceeds 90%. The effect of the molar ratio of Pb/Cs (R_m), reaction time, reaction temperature, and excess ligands on this flow reaction is studied. Several new phenomena are observed in our experiment. At 120 °C, some Cs₄PbBr₆ NCs exist in addition to the usual CsPbBr₃ nanoplatelets. Excess ligands lead to the formation of numerous Cs₄PbBr₆ NCs with a bright green PL, and these NCs will spontaneously transform into a nonemission form in the film. Moreover, mixed-halide CsPbBrI_3- NCs and CsPbI₃ NCs are also prepared in this scheme, and then they are used to obtain LEDs in a range of colors.