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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Pneumothorax-II01:27

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Breathing01:05

Breathing

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The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
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Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
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Pleura of the Lungs01:13

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The lungs are nestled in a cavity, shielded by the pleura. The pleura, a form of serous membrane, wraps around each lung. This membrane arrangement consists of two layers: the visceral and parietal pleurae. The visceral pleura lines the surface of the lungIn contrast, the parietal pleura is the outer layer and contacts to the thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and the diaphragm. The hilum is the point of connection between the visceral and parietal layers. The space between the parietal and...
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Updated: Jul 2, 2025

International Expert Consensus and Recommendations for Neonatal Pneumothorax Ultrasound Diagnosis and Ultrasound-guided Thoracentesis Procedure
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Pneumothorax in a term newborn.

Vidhi Jhaveri1, Payam Vali2, Evan Giusto2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, UC Davis Children's Hospital, Sacramento, CA, USA. vjhaveri@ucdavis.edu.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|February 26, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal pneumothorax risk is reduced with modern care but remains a concern for term infants. Prompt diagnosis and interventions like needle aspiration or chest tubes are crucial for managing this condition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Critical Care

Background:

  • Neonatal pneumothorax incidence has declined due to surfactant therapy and gentle ventilation.
  • Term infants are more prone to isolated pneumothorax, unlike preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
  • Delivery room non-invasive respiratory support can elevate risks for term infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the incidence, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of isolated pneumothorax in term infants.
  • To synthesize current knowledge with recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • To compare different chest tube types and evaluate needle thoracocentesis efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of established knowledge and new research on neonatal pneumothorax.
  • Analysis of diagnostic modalities including transillumination, chest X-ray, and lung ultrasound.
  • Evaluation of management strategies: observation, needle thoracocentesis, and chest tube insertion.

Main Results:

  • While overall incidence decreased, specific risks persist, particularly with non-invasive ventilation in term neonates.
  • Lung ultrasound emerges as a valuable, rapid diagnostic tool.
  • Needle thoracocentesis is effective for initial management, with chest tubes (pigtail vs. straight) reserved for persistent cases.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and prompt intervention are key for term infant pneumothorax.
  • A multimodal approach combining advanced diagnostics and tailored therapies improves outcomes.
  • Further research comparing chest tube types may refine management protocols.