Demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns among keloid patients: United States Electronic Health...

There is limited epidemiologic evidence on keloids using real-world data, especially in the United States (US) across race and ethnicity.

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using Cerner Real-World Data, between 2015 and 2021, to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of US adults with keloids. Keloids were identified using a combination of ICD-10 and (Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine-Clinical Terms [SNOMED] codes). Demographics (including race and ethnicity), clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and healthcare utilization were compared across keloid and non-keloid populations.

Among 5,457 keloid patients identified in the study, the majority were female (61.8%) with a mean age of 34.2 years and of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian descent (P < 0.001). Relative to non-keloid cohorts, patients with keloids had significantly higher rates of integumentary, cardiorespiratory, general, auditory, and ocular surgeries and burns (all P < 0.05). Patients with keloids were also more likely to have comorbidities like obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes (P < 0.05) when compared to those with no keloids. A large proportion of keloids were untreated; among those treated, the most common keloid treatments were medication therapy (51.5%) and surgical excision (10.6%). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic keloid patients were significantly more likely to receive medication therapy and surgical excision (P < 0.001) compared to keloid patients of other races or ethnicities.

This study provided real-world insights into the keloid population in the US. Our findings emphasize the high burden of keloids and its substantial impact on ethnic minorities. Given high keloid recurrence rates and limited standardized treatments for keloids, further research into keloids is crucial to the development of keloid-specific therapeutic options.