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BCG vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk: A Norwegian cohort study
Ola Nakken1, Jan Harald Aarseth2, Stig Wergeland3
1Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway.
Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)
|February 28, 2024
Summary
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination in early adulthood did not reduce the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS). This large study found no link between BCG vaccination, tuberculosis infection, and subsequent MS risk.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Neurology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is known to modulate immune responses.
- Previous research suggests BCG may prevent autoimmune diseases like experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and potentially impact multiple sclerosis (MS) activity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether BCG vaccination administered in early adulthood is associated with a reduced risk of developing MS.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 791,369 Norwegians vaccinated against tuberculosis between 1963 and 1975 was analyzed.
- MS diagnoses were identified through national registries.
- Logistic regression models were employed to assess the association between BCG vaccination status and MS risk.
Main Results:
- No significant association was found between BCG vaccination in early adulthood and the risk of developing MS.
- The odds ratio for MS in BCG-vaccinated individuals was 1.00 (95% CI: 0.80-1.25) compared to unvaccinated individuals without tuberculosis infection.
- Latent tuberculosis infection did not appear to influence the relationship between BCG and MS risk.
Conclusions:
- BCG vaccination in young adulthood does not appear to lower the risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
- Latent tuberculosis infection in young adulthood was also not found to be associated with MS risk.
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