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Individual differences and the transposed letter effect during reading.

Charlotte E Lee1, Ascensión Pagán2, Hayward J Godwin1

  • 1School of Psychology, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.

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|February 28, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skilled adult readers show flexible encoding of letter positions, not letter identities. This flexibility in transposed letter effects appears mature, with minimal impact from individual cognitive differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Reading Science
  • Psycholinguistics

Background:

  • The transposed letter (TL) effect reveals flexible letter position encoding in reading.
  • Previous research suggests letter position encoding flexibility develops with reading skill.
  • The maturation of this flexibility in skilled adult readers remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if letter position encoding flexibility matures in skilled adult readers.
  • To determine if cognitive skills influence the magnitude of the transposed letter effect in adults.

Main Methods:

  • 100 skilled adult readers viewed sentences with correct, transposed letter (TL), or substituted letter (SL) previews.
  • Eye movements were tracked as readers encountered previews and target words.
  • Cognitive skills were assessed and analyzed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA).

Main Results:

  • Adult readers generally encoded letter position more flexibly than letter identity, consistent with the TL effect.
  • Few significant differences in TL effect magnitude were observed based on individual cognitive skill differences.
  • The flexibility of letter position encoding appears to be mature in skilled adult readers.

Conclusions:

  • Letter position encoding flexibility reaches near-maturation in skilled adult readers.
  • Individual cognitive differences have a limited impact on the transposed letter effect in this population.
  • Reading skill development leads to robust and stable letter position encoding flexibility.