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Defining advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) lacks consensus. This review explores clinical, pathological, and imaging markers, proposing a model for better prediction of Parkinson's disease progression.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Movement Disorders

Background:

  • Current definitions of advanced Parkinson's disease (APD) lack consensus.
  • APD is often described by clinical milestones like motor fluctuations, falls, and cognitive decline.
  • Pathological burden and imaging markers are also used to characterize disease stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of clinical, pathological, and imaging markers associated with advanced Parkinson's disease.
  • To propose a novel model for defining APD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on clinical, pathological, and imaging markers of Parkinson's disease progression.
  • Synthesis of data to propose a comprehensive model for APD definition.

Main Results:

  • Identification of key clinical features, pathological indicators, and imaging markers relevant to advancing Parkinson's disease.
  • Proposal of a model integrating longitudinal assessments of these markers.

Conclusions:

  • A consensus-driven definition of APD is needed.
  • A proposed model incorporating longitudinal assessments of clinical, pathological, and imaging markers, alongside quality of life metrics, can improve understanding and prediction of Parkinson's disease progression.