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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
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Feedback Regulation of Calcium Concentration01:27

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Calcium is an essential signaling molecule required for various cellular functions. Calcium pumps and ion channels on cell and organellar membranes, such as those on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), regulate calcium concentrations inside the cell. They remain closed, keeping the cytosolic calcium levels low at a resting state.
Various transmembrane receptors, such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), elicit a response to extracellular signals by increasing cytosolic calcium. Activated GPCRs...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 2, 2025

Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging
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Modulation of Dendritic Cell Function via Nanoparticle-Induced Cytosolic Calcium Changes.

Zhengwei Cao1, Xueyuan Yang1, Wei Yang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States.

ACS Nano
|February 29, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Calcium nanoparticles deliver calcium into dendritic cells (DCs), boosting antitumor immunity. This safe nanoparticle immunomodulator enhances cancer therapy efficacy with no added toxicity.

Keywords:
calciumcancerdendritic cellsimmunotherapynanoparticlesradiotherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomedicine
  • Immunology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are vital second messengers in immune cell activation.
  • Limited research exists on calcium nanoparticles' impact on immune cell calcium levels and function.
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in initiating adaptive immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate calcium nanoparticles as a delivery system for cytosolic calcium in DCs.
  • To evaluate the impact of nanoparticle-delivered calcium on DC function and immune activation.
  • To assess the therapeutic potential of calcium nanoparticles in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of silica-coated calcium hydroxide nanoparticles conjugated with anti-CD205 antibodies for targeted DC delivery.
  • In vitro assessment of nanoparticle uptake, calcium release, and activation of NFAT and NF-κB pathways in DCs.
  • In vivo evaluation of antitumor immune response and therapeutic efficacy in mouse tumor models.

Main Results:

  • Efficient DC targeting and controlled cytosolic calcium release by the nanoparticles.
  • Activation of NFAT and NF-κB pathways, leading to increased expression of costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules, and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • Enhanced antitumor immune response and augmented efficacy of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in mouse models with no observed toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium nanoparticles serve as an effective tool for delivering calcium into DCs, modulating their function.
  • These nanoparticles act as safe immunomodulators, enhancing antitumor immunity.
  • The developed calcium nanoparticles show significant promise for improving cancer therapy outcomes.