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Related Concept Videos

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
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Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation Using Palladium Membrane Reactors.

Guanqun Han1, Guodong Li1, Yujie Sun1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States.

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|March 1, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The electrocatalytic Pd membrane reactor (ePMR) offers an energy-efficient alternative to traditional hydrogenation. This innovative system uses water as a hydrogen source, overcoming limitations of previous electrocatalytic methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Traditional hydrogenation is energy-intensive, requiring high temperatures and pressures.
  • Electrocatalytic hydrogenation faces challenges like competing hydrogen evolution and difficult separations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce the electrocatalytic Pd membrane reactor (ePMR) as an advanced hydrogenation solution.
  • Highlight the advantages of ePMR in overcoming existing electrocatalytic hydrogenation limitations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a Pd membrane to physically separate electrochemical and hydrogenation chambers.
  • Employing water as the hydrogen source, eliminating the need for H2 gas.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful hydrogenation of various bonds (C=C, C≡C, C=O, C≡N, O=O) using ePMR.
  • Showcased improved control over reaction conditions, solvent selection, and product separation.
  • Achieved high Faradaic efficiency and mitigated competing hydrogen evolution.

Conclusions:

  • ePMR presents a distinctive and advantageous strategy for efficient hydrogenation.
  • Future research directions include advancing ePMR for more complex hydrogenation reactions using hydrogen-permeable membrane electrodes.