Psychological Factors Associated with Functional Tic-like Behaviours during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychiatry
• Functional Neurological Disorders

Background:

• Functional tic-like behaviours (FTLB) are a female-predominant functional neurological disorder with increased incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Understanding the psychosocial factors and comorbidities associated with FTLB is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare social and adaptive functioning, social media use, pandemic experiences, and psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with FTLB, Tourette Syndrome (TS), and neurotypical (NT) controls.
• To investigate potential risk factors and pathways contributing to FTLB, particularly in vulnerable populations.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 35 FTLB, 22 TS, and 25 NT participants aged 11-25 years.
• Assessment of social functioning, adaptive functioning, social media usage, pandemic experiences, psychiatric comorbidities, attachment styles, and distress tolerance.

Main Results:

• FTLB participants exhibited a significantly higher burden of psychiatric comorbidities, including major depressive disorder, panic disorder, borderline personality disorder, and anxiety disorders, compared to TS and NT groups.
• Individuals with FTLB reported greater mental health decline during the pandemic, increased loneliness, and more difficulties with housing and food security than NT participants.
• FTLB participants were more likely to identify as gender minority individuals, though gender identity did not significantly influence study variables within the FTLB group.

Conclusions:

• FTLB is associated with a formidable psychiatric comorbidity profile and significant psychosocial challenges, particularly in the context of the pandemic.
• The findings highlight the need for integrated mental health support for individuals with FTLB, addressing both neurological and psychiatric aspects.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex interplay between psychiatric disorders, psychosocial factors, and the development of FTLB.