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New Tissue-Engineered Vascular Matrix Based on Regenerated Silk Fibroin: in vitro Study
E S Prokudina1, E A Senokosova1, L V Antonova2
1Researcher, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Intravascular Visualization; Research Institute for Complex Issues in Cardiovascular Diseases, 6 Sosnovy Blvd., Kemerovo, 650002, Russia.
Sovremennye Tekhnologii V Meditsine
|March 4, 2024
Summary
Regenerated silk fibroin (SF) creates promising vascular patches with excellent biocompatibility and mechanical properties. These SF vascular grafts outperform other materials in platelet adhesion and activation, indicating their potential for vascular wall implantation.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Vascular Surgery
Background:
- Vascular graft development is crucial for cardiovascular disease treatment.
- Current synthetic and biological grafts have limitations.
- Silk fibroin (SF) is a promising natural biomaterial for tissue engineering.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and evaluate vascular patches from regenerated silk fibroin (SF).
- To compare SF patches with polyhydroxybutyrate/valerate/polycaprolactone with vascular endothelial growth factor (PHBV/PCL/VEGF) and bovine xenopericardium (XP) flaps.
- To assess physical, mechanical, hemocompatibility, and cellular matrix properties in vitro.
Main Methods:
- Tissue-engineered vascular matrices produced via electrospinning.
- Characterization of surface structure, physical, and mechanical properties.
- In vitro hemocompatibility testing (erythrocyte hemolysis, platelet adhesion/activation).
- Assessment of endothelial cell (EA.hy926) adhesion, viability, and metabolic activity.
Main Results:
- SF matrices exhibited a porous, fibrous structure, unlike denser XP flaps.
- SF patches demonstrated physical and mechanical characteristics similar to native vessels.
- High hemocompatibility comparable to commercial XP flaps was observed.
- SF matrices showed non-toxicity and biocompatibility, supporting EA.hy926 cell growth.
Conclusions:
- Regenerated SF vascular patches show satisfactory performance, comparable to existing materials.
- SF patches outperformed PHBV/PCL/VEGF and XP flaps in platelet adhesion and activation.
- SF is a biologically compatible material suitable for tissue-engineered vascular wall applications.
