Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Global Climate Change01:50

Global Climate Change

24.4K
Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
24.4K
Heating and Cooling Curves02:44

Heating and Cooling Curves

22.8K
When a substance—isolated from its environment—is subjected to heat changes, corresponding changes in temperature and phase of the substance is observed; this is graphically represented by heating and cooling curves.
For instance, the addition of heat raises the temperature of a solid; the amount of heat absorbed depends on the heat capacity of the solid (q = mcsolidΔT). According to thermochemistry, the relation between the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance, q, and its...
22.8K
Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II01:20

Mechanisms of Heat Transfer II

3.2K
In convection, thermal energy is carried by the large-scale flow of matter. Ocean currents and large-scale atmospheric circulation, which result from the buoyancy of warm air and water, transfer hot air from the tropics toward the poles and cold air from the poles toward the tropics. The Earth’s rotation interacts with those flows, causing the observed eastward flow of air in the temperate zones. Convection dominates heat transfer by air, and the amount of available space for the airflow...
3.2K
What is Climate?01:16

What is Climate?

18.5K
Climate refers to the prevailing weather conditions in a specific area over an extended period. As the saying goes, “Climate is what you expect. Weather is what you get.” Climate is influenced by geographic factors, such as latitude, terrain, and proximity to bodies of water.
18.5K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

17.6K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
17.6K
What is Weather?01:07

What is Weather?

18.2K
Overview
18.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Climate change impacts on tropical cyclone-induced power outage risk: Sociodemographic differences in outage burdens.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2025
Same author

Navigating and attributing uncertainty in future tropical cyclone risk estimates.

Science advances·2025
Same author

Cyclone Jasper's rains in the context of climate change.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Sensitivity of northwest Australian tropical cyclone activity to ITCZ migration since 500 CE.

Science advances·2023
Same author

Intercomparison of regional loss estimates from global synthetic tropical cyclone models.

Nature communications·2022
Same author

Natural and anthropogenic contributions to the hurricane drought of the 1970s-1980s.

Nature communications·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

7.4K

Why the lower stratosphere cools when the troposphere warms.

Jonathan Lin1,2, Kerry Emanuel3

  • 1Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

In tropical regions, the lower stratosphere cools as the troposphere warms. This observed anti-correlation is explained by a new theory of tropospheric forcing on the stratosphere.

Keywords:
quasi-balanced dynamicsstratospherestratospheric dynamics

More Related Videos

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.5K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite
07:00

Thermocapillary Convection Space Experiment on the SJ-10 Recoverable Satellite

Published on: March 11, 2020

7.4K
Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

6.5K
Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving
11:21

Cooling an Optically Trapped Ultracold Fermi Gas by Periodical Driving

Published on: March 30, 2017

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Dynamics
  • Stratospheric Processes

Background:

  • Observational data indicate an inverse relationship between tropical tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperatures.
  • This phenomenon suggests a dynamic link between these atmospheric layers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the anti-correlation between tropospheric and lower stratospheric temperatures in the tropics.
  • To explain this temperature relationship using a recently proposed theory.
  • To investigate the implications of this relationship for climate change trends.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of observational temperature data in the tropics.
  • Application of a new theoretical framework for tropospheric-stratospheric interactions.
  • Examination of temperature trends during climate change, focusing on zonal asymmetries.

Main Results:

  • The study confirms that the lower stratosphere cools by approximately 2°C for every 1°C warming in the mid-troposphere.
  • The observed anti-correlation is explained by a quasi-balanced response of the stratosphere to tropospheric heating.
  • Zonally asymmetric warming in the troposphere during climate change is mirrored by cooling in the lower stratosphere, with comparable magnitudes.

Conclusions:

  • The stratosphere is directly forced by the troposphere through quasi-balanced dynamics, in addition to wave-dissipation.
  • Zonal asymmetries in tropospheric temperature trends significantly influence lower stratospheric temperature trends.
  • Understanding these direct forcing mechanisms is crucial for accurate climate change projections.