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Methodological approaches in graded dental ceramics.

Sivaranjani Gali1, Suhasini Gururaja2, Zulekha Patel1

  • 1Dept. of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bangalore 560054, India.

Dental Materials : Official Publication of the Academy of Dental Materials
|March 4, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) in dental ceramics improve toughness and fatigue resistance by reducing interface stresses. This review maps grading designs and methods, revealing factors influencing outcomes for better dental restorations.

Keywords:
Dental ceramicsFunctionally graded materialsGlass infiltration and Silica infiltrationGraded dental ceramics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Engineering
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Functionally graded materials (FGMs) possess indistinct boundaries, mitigating interfacial stresses.
  • FGMs in dental ceramics enhance fatigue resistance and interfacial toughness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To map graded designs in dental ceramics.
  • To distinguish methodological approaches, material characteristics, and properties.
  • To understand factors influencing graded approach outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic electronic search of multiple databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane, EBSCO, Google Scholar) combined with manual search.
  • Screening of 2675 initial articles, with 52 ultimately included based on exclusion criteria.

Main Results:

  • Grading methods like glass-infiltration and silica-infiltration on zirconia affect phase transformation, microstructure, hardness, toughness, strength, wear, and fatigue.
  • Interlayers in metal-ceramic and all-ceramic systems, and zirconia-porcelain/alumina-porcelain fractions, improve strength and stress distribution.
  • Finite element analysis predicts reduced crown-cement-dentin interface stresses with 10-layered graded structures.

Conclusions:

  • Grading techniques significantly impact the properties of dental zirconia.
  • Layered structures and specific material combinations enhance mechanical performance and stress management in dental restorations.
  • FGMs offer a promising approach to improving the durability and longevity of dental ceramic applications.