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Related Concept Videos

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving01:13

Angle of Twist: Problem Solving

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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the...
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Angle of Twist - Elastic Range01:13

Angle of Twist - Elastic Range

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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts01:10

Residual Stresses in Circular Shafts

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In materials that exhibit elastic and plastic behavior, known as elastoplastic materials, residual stresses can accumulate when these materials experience plastic deformation. This deformation arises from either high levels of shearing stress or significant strains. Residual stresses are internal stresses that persist within a material after removing the external force causing deformation. This phenomenon is demonstrated when observing the behavior of a shaft under torque; notably, the...
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Torque Free Motion01:15

Torque Free Motion

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The torque-free motion refers to the movement of a rigid body in space when no external torques are acting upon it. This type of motion can be observed in environments where there are no external forces or frictions, like in outer space. For example, a rotation of Mars in space is a torque-free motion. Mars is an axisymmetric object, meaning it has an axis of symmetry along which it rotates, designated as the z-axis. The rotating frame of reference is defined such that the center of mass of...
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People have observed the rolling motion without slipping ever since the invention of the wheel. For example, one can look at the interaction between a car's tires and the surface of the road. If the driver presses the accelerator to the floor so that the tires spin without the car moving forward, there must be kinetic friction between the wheels and the road's surface. If the driver slowly presses the accelerator, causing the car to move forward, the tires roll without slipping. It is...
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When a mechanic tries to remove a hex nut with a wrench, it is easier if the force is applied at the farthest end of the wrench handle. The lever arm is the distance from the pivot point (the hex nut in this case) to the person’s hand. If this distance is large, the torque is higher. Only the component of the force perpendicular to the lever arm contributes to the torque. Therefore, pushing the wrench perpendicular to the lever arm is more advantageous. If multiple people apply force to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Pure optical twist with zero net torque.

Zhenyu Han, Lei Zhang, Xiao Li

    Optics Express
    |March 5, 2024
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Pure optical twist (POT) is a novel phenomenon in bilayer systems. It causes twisting without net optical torque by using specific light interactions, enabling new optical motor designs.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Micromanipulation
    • Light-Matter Interactions

    Background:

    • Bilayer and multilayer systems exhibit unique phenomena when twisted.
    • Optical torque is crucial for manipulating micro-objects and has diverse applications.
    • Engineering light-matter interactions is key to exploring twisting effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce and investigate the phenomenon of "pure optical twist" (POT).
    • To understand the conditions and mechanisms behind POT in bilayer systems.
    • To explore potential applications in creating twisted bilayer systems and optical motors.

    Main Methods:

    • Illuminating bilayer structures with specific symmetries using counter-propagating light.
    • Analyzing the role of spin and orbital angular momentum in the incident light.
    • Investigating the influence of each layer's rotational symmetries on scattered wave channels.

    Main Results:

    • Identified "pure optical twist" (POT) in specific bilayer systems under tailored illumination.
    • Demonstrated zero net optical torque despite a significant twisting effect on the bilayer system.
    • Found that non-overlapping azimuthal channels of scattered waves, dictated by rotational symmetries, prevent net torque.

    Conclusions:

    • Pure optical twist is a tunable phenomenon governed by the interplay of light properties and material symmetries.
    • This discovery paves the way for optical control over bilayer system twisting.
    • Enables the development of stable bilayer optical motors with synchronized layer rotation.