"Sealing the Gap" : CSF Leakage Demystified-A Comprehensive Analysis of our Experience in CSF Rhinorrhea Management

Area of Science:

• Neurosurgery
• Otolaryngology
• Trauma Surgery

Background:

• Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the leakage of fluid from the subarachnoid space into the nasal cavity.
• Understanding the prevalence, demographics, and etiology of CSF leaks is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the prevalence and demographic distribution of CSF leaks.
• To identify the common sites of CSF leakage.
• To describe the management strategies for CSF rhinorrhea.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study was conducted over four years (March 2017 - March 2021).
• 180 patients with head injury or unilateral nasal discharge were included.
• Data collection focused on etiology, patient demographics, leak site, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

• 36 cases of CSF leak were identified.
• Head injury was the most common cause (50%), followed by spontaneous leaks (44.44%).
• The cribriform plate was the most frequent site of leakage; 72.22% of patients were under 50 years old, with a higher incidence in males.

Conclusions:

• Head injury is the leading cause of CSF rhinorrhea, particularly in patients under 50.
• Endoscopic repair, often utilizing a Hadad flap, is an effective treatment.
• Accurate localization of the leak site with endoscopic visualization leads to successful repair outcomes.