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Published on: December 18, 2017
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Epigenome editing for targeted DNA (de)methylation: a new perspective in modulating gene expression
Karishma Seem1, Simardeep Kaur1, Suresh Kumar1
1Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India.
Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|March 5, 2024
Summary
Epigenetics, involving DNA methylation and histone modifications, offers new insights beyond DNA sequence for inheritance. Epigenome editing tools, like CRISPR-dCas9, enable precise gene expression modulation, with applications in medicine and agriculture.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
- Genomic Regulation
Background:
- Inheritance traditionally linked to DNA sequence variations.
- Epigenetics, including DNA methylation and histone modification, redefines inheritance.
- Epigenetic changes can be heritable, influencing gene expression and traits.
Purpose of the Study:
- Review recent advancements in epigenome editing tools and techniques.
- Discuss technological limitations and future perspectives of epigenome editing.
- Highlight applications in human therapeutics and plant improvement for sustainable development.
Main Methods:
- Focus on epigenome editing technologies, including zinc-finger proteins, TALENs, and CRISPR-dCas9 systems.
- Discuss the use of DNA methylation for gene expression manipulation.
- Analyze targeted DNA (de)methylation strategies.
Main Results:
- CRISPR-dCas9 significantly enhances specificity and efficiency in epigenome editing.
- Epigenome editing allows precise modulation of gene expression via DNA methylation.
- Concerns regarding off-target effects and ethical considerations in germline editing are identified.
Conclusions:
- Epigenome editing holds promise for targeted gene expression modulation.
- Advancements in tools like CRISPR-dCas9 improve precision and efficiency.
- Future research should address limitations and ethical concerns for therapeutic and agricultural applications.
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