Characterization of suicidal behavior in Coquimbo, Chile, between 2018 and 2020

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Mental Health Research

Background:

• Suicidal behavior represents a significant global public health challenge, with the World Health Organization estimating 700,000 deaths in 2021.
• Understanding regional variations in suicidal behavior is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To estimate the prevalence of suicidal behavior in Chile's Coquimbo Region.
• To identify and describe factors associated with suicidal behavior between 2018 and 2020.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of 2190 suicide attempt notifications from the regional epidemiological surveillance system.
• Inclusion of 217 reports from the Forensic Medical Service for individuals who died by suicide.
• Standardization of suicide rates using direct and indirect methods for regional and communal analysis.

Main Results:

• The overall suicide rate in the Coquimbo Region was 9.79 per 100,000 inhabitants.
• Rural areas exhibited higher suicide rates than urban areas.
• Women and young people had a higher risk of suicide attempts, while men and older adults (70-79 years in 2020) showed increased suicide risk. Basic education level was also identified as a risk factor.

Conclusions:

• Suicidal behavior patterns in the Coquimbo Region align with national and international findings, emphasizing rurality and older males as high-risk groups.
• Suicide attempts are more common in women and young individuals, contrasting with completed suicides.
• Mental health history, prior attempts, and family violence are significant risk factors for both suicide attempts and completed suicides, underscoring the need for comprehensive prevention efforts.