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Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...

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Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

Published on: May 4, 2018

Short macrocyclic peptides in sponge genomes.

Zhenjian Lin¹, Vinayak Agarwal^2,3, Ying Cong¹

¹Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|March 5, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sponges produce unique proline-rich macrocyclic peptides (PRMPs), distinct from bacterial ones. This discovery reveals a new class of bioactive compounds with potential roles in animal signaling and post-translational modifications.

Keywords:

RIPPs circular peptide cyclic peptide metazoan biosynthesis sponges

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Area of Science:

Marine Biology
Biochemistry
Genomics

Background:

Marine sponges (Porifera) are known sources of bioactive peptides, with symbiotic bacteria traditionally credited for producing many.
Ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and nonribosomal peptides are established classes of sponge-associated metabolites.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the sponge's own capacity for producing bioactive peptides, specifically proline-rich macrocyclic peptides (PRMPs).
To identify and characterize novel PRMPs and their precursor peptides within sponge genomes and transcriptomes.

Main Methods:

Bioinformatic analysis of sponge transcriptomes (Stylissa carteri) and genomes (Axinella corrugata) to identify RiPP-type core peptide sequences.
Mass spectrometry to characterize cyclic peptides isolated from A. corrugata.
Comparative analysis of gene expression in sponges with and without PRMPs.

Main Results:

Identification of 46 distinct RiPP-type core peptides from S. carteri, including 10 known PRMPs.
Discovery of 35 PRMP precursor peptides in A. corrugata, encoding 31 unique core sequences.
Characterization of 11 cyclic peptides from A. corrugata, including novel stylissamides (A-D) and seven undescribed compounds, confirming animal origin.
PRMP sponges exhibit a significant enrichment of potentially secreted polypeptides (>23,000 signal peptide genes).

Conclusions:

Sponges themselves are significant producers of diverse bioactive macrocyclic peptides, including PRMPs.
The biosynthetic logic of PRMPs shares similarities with neuropeptides, suggesting a conserved mechanism for signaling peptide modification across animals.
This finding highlights a potentially widespread and underappreciated diversity of animal-derived signaling peptides and post-translational modifications.