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Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Real-time In Vivo Recording of Arabidopsis Calcium Signals During Insect Feeding Using a Fluorescent Biosensor
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Dynamic changes in calcium signals during root gravitropism.

Xinyu Li1, Ruoxin Zhao1, Jiahui Liu1

  • 1College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB
|March 6, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Calcium spikes, driven by gravity, precede auxin in plant roots, aiding gravitropism. Starch grains are involved but not essential for these early calcium signals.

Keywords:
AuxinCalcium spikeGravitropismRootStarch grainThe ER

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Gravitropism is crucial for plant adaptation.
  • Calcium ions (Ca2+) are implicated in plant gravitropism.
  • The precise role of calcium signaling in root gravitropism remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of calcium signals in root gravitropism.
  • To understand the temporal relationship between calcium signals and auxin distribution.
  • To explore the involvement of starch grains and the ER in calcium signaling during gravitropism.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized confocal microscopy with transgenic Arabidopsis R-GECO1.
  • Applied vertical stage and root rotation experiments.
  • Analyzed calcium spike occurrence, Ca2+ concentration, and auxin distribution.

Main Results:

  • Gravity stimulation increases calcium spikes and Ca2+ in the lower root cap.
  • Calcium signal asymmetry correlates with root inclination angles.
  • Calcium spikes precede auxin redistribution, suggesting an early signaling role.
  • Starchless mutants show impaired gravitropism and altered calcium spike formation, indicating starch's involvement but not indispensability.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) likely serves as a calcium store.

Conclusions:

  • Calcium spikes are early gravity-induced signals in root gravitropism, preceding auxin.
  • Starch grains play a role in, but are not essential for, calcium spike formation.
  • The ER is involved in calcium homeostasis during gravitropism.