A Prospective Study of Surgical Site Infection with its Risk Factors and Their Correlation with the NNIS Risk Index

Area of Science:

• Surgical infections
• Nosocomial infections
• Public health

Background:

• Surgical site infection (SSI) is a significant nosocomial infection, causing substantial postoperative morbidity.
• SSIs account for 10-40% of all nosocomial infections, posing a major challenge, especially in regions with limited surveillance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the SSI rate in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
• To analyze SSI risk in relation to the CDC NNIS risk index.
• To assess the impact of BMI, glycaemic status, smoking, and preoperative hospital stay on SSI development.

Main Methods:

• A study involving 300 patients undergoing elective and emergency abdominal surgery.
• Analysis of SSI rates using the CDC NNIS risk index.
• Assessment of patient factors including BMI, glycaemic status, smoking, and preoperative hospital stay.

Main Results:

• Out of 300 abdominal surgery cases, 60 (20%) were diagnosed with SSI.
• A significant correlation was found between increasing NNIS scores and higher SSI rates.

Conclusions:

• Higher NNIS scores, increased age, BMI, glycaemic index, and longer preoperative hospital stays are associated with a greater risk of SSI.
• Smoking and comorbidities also contribute to an increased risk of surgical site infections.