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Kathleen Becker¹, Chengcan Xiao¹, Samutr Assavachin¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States.

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Summary

Researchers optimized suspended gallium phosphide (GaP) particles for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Key improvements included surface modification and cocatalyst addition, achieving a record quantum efficiency.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photocatalysis
Renewable Energy

Background:

Gallium phosphide (GaP) is known for water splitting but rarely used as particle-based photocatalysts for hydrogen evolution.
Understanding limitations in GaP photocatalyst performance is crucial for developing efficient hydrogen production systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of suspended n-type GaP particles.
To identify and address factors limiting the efficiency of GaP-based photocatalysts for HER.

Main Methods:

Utilized suspended n-type GaP particles with various sacrificial electron donors (iodide, sulfite, ferricyanide, ferrous ion, hydrosulfide).
Employed different HER cocatalysts, including Platinum (Pt), Rhodium (Rh), Chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3), and Nickel phosphide (Ni2P).
Focused on surface modification to remove charge trapping states and optimize interfacial properties.

Main Results:

Achieved a record apparent quantum efficiency of 14.8% at 525 nm.
Demonstrated that surface passivation of charge trapping states and Ni2P cocatalyst addition significantly enhance HER.
Showcased the importance of optimizing the GaP-cocatalyst interface and the GaP-liquid interface.

Conclusions:

Surface modification and cocatalyst integration are critical for enhancing suspended GaP photocatalyst efficiency for hydrogen evolution.
The study elucidates key factors controlling charge separation in suspended photocatalysts.
Provides insights into why n-type semiconductors are generally preferred over p-type for HER photocatalysis.