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The Complement C3a and C5a Signaling in Renal Diseases: A Bridge between Acute and Chronic Inflammation
Simona Buelli1, Barbara Imberti1, Marina Morigi1
1Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso, Bergamo, Italy.
Nephron
|March 7, 2024
Summary
The complement system
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Nephrology
Background:
- The complement system is crucial for innate immunity but can cause host damage.
- Complement fragments C3a and C5a (anaphylatoxins) signal through specific receptors.
- Excessive signaling via C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 is implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 signaling in kidney diseases.
- To explore therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways for renal conditions.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on complement system activation and kidney disease.
- Analysis of studies showing enhanced renal expression of C3aR and C5aR1.
- Examination of elevated C3a and C5a levels in plasma and urine of kidney disease patients.
Main Results:
- Anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a, and their receptors, are present in renal tissue.
- Local production of complement proteins C3 and C5 in the kidney contributes to injury.
- Aberrant C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 signaling is linked to acute and chronic kidney damage.
Conclusions:
- C3a/C3aR and C5a/C5aR1 signaling pathways play a significant role in kidney disease pathogenesis.
- Targeted therapies inhibiting these complement pathways show promise for treating kidney diseases.
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