Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents01:11

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with Multiple Substituents

7.8K
When more than one substituent is present on the benzene ring, the IUPAC nomenclature depends on the number of substituents present.
For disubstituted benzene derivatives, with two groups attached to the benzene ring, three constitutional isomers are possible. For example, consider dimethyl benzene, often called xylene, where the second methyl group can be substituted at the second, third, or fourth carbon. The relative position of the substituents is represented by prefixes ortho, meta, or...
7.8K
Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent01:23

Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds with a Single Substituent

8.2K
Benzene is the simplest aromatic hydrocarbon or arene. The IUPAC names for simple monosubstituted benzene derivatives are derived by adding the substituent's name as a prefix to the parent benzene. For example, halobenzene, where the halogen could be fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), and iodo (I).
8.2K
Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction00:59

Reactions at the Benzylic Position: Oxidation and Reduction

3.7K
The benzylic position describes the position of a carbon atom attached directly to a benzene ring. Benzene by itself does not undergo oxidation. In contrast, the benzylic carbon is quite reactive in the presence of strong oxidizing agents such as KMnO4 or H2CrO4. Therefore, alkylbenzenes are readily oxidized to benzoic acid, irrespective of the type of alkyl groups.
3.7K
Organic Compounds03:02

Organic Compounds

51.4K
All living things are formed mostly of carbon compounds called organic compounds. The category of organic compounds includes both natural and synthetic compounds that contain carbon. Although a single, precise definition has yet to be identified by the chemistry community, most agree that a defining trait of organic molecules is the presence of carbon as the principal element, bonded to hydrogen and other carbon atoms. However, some carbon-containing compounds such as carbonates, cyanides, and...
51.4K
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes03:08

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

8.2K
In addition to the oxymercuration–demercuration method, which converts the alkenes to alcohols with Markovnikov orientation, a complementary hydroboration-oxidation method yields the anti-Markovnikov product. The hydroboration reaction, discovered in 1959 by H.C. Brown, involves the addition of a B–H bond of borane to an alkene giving an organoborane intermediate. The oxidation of this intermediate with basic hydrogen peroxide forms an alcohol.
8.2K
ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH301:11

ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –⁠NH2, –OCH3

6.0K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
6.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Halogen-Substituted Schiff Base Ligands: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, Antibacterial Activity, and Molecular Docking Studies.

ACS omega·2025
Same author

Chiral-at-Tungsten Dioxo Complexes─A Computational Study on Inhibiting Racemization.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

Evaluation of Polar Substituted Schiff Bases and 1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids as Anticancer Agents.

Chemistry & biodiversity·2025
Same author

2,4-Di-chloro-6-{<i>N</i>-[2-(tri-fluoro-meth-yl)phen-yl]carboximido-yl}phenol.

IUCrData·2024
Same author

Δ-Bis[(<i>S</i>)-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-di-hydro-oxazol-2-yl)phenolato-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i> <sup>1</sup>](1,10-phenanthroline-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>')ruthenium(III) hexa-fluorido-phosphate.

IUCrData·2024
Same author

(η<sup>6</sup>-Benzene)-chlorido-[(<i>S</i>)-2-(4-isopropyl-4,5-di-hydro-oxazol-2-yl)phenolato]ruthenium(II).

IUCrData·2024
Same journal

2-(3,4-Di-chloro-phen-yl)-<i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-[2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)cyclo-hex-yl]acetamide hydro-chloride: (±)-U50,488H.

IUCrData·2026
Same journal

Ethyl 3-hy-droxy-benzoate.

IUCrData·2026
Same journal

(2-Amino-cyclo-hexanol-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>)chlorido(η<sup>6</sup>-<i>p</i>-cy-mene)ru-thenium(II) tetra-fluoro-borate (2-amino-cyclo-hexanolato-κ<sup>2</sup> <i>N</i>,<i>O</i>)chlorido(η<sup>6</sup>-<i>p</i>-cymene)ru-thenium(II).

IUCrData·2026
Same journal

<i>N</i>-Phenyl-[1,1'-biphen-yl]-2-carboxamide.

IUCrData·2026
Same journal

2,4,5-Tris(4-methyl-phen-yl)-1<i>H</i>-imidazol-3-ium 2,4,6-tri-nitro-phenolate.

IUCrData·2026
Same journal

1,1'-(2,2-Di-phenyl-ethene-1,1-di-yl)bis-(3,5-dimethyl-1<i>H</i>-pyrazol-2-ium) dichloride.

IUCrData·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

10.3K

Prop-2-ynyl 3-meth-oxy-4-(prop-2-yn-yloxy)benzoate.

Cresten Moodley1, Alfred Muller1, Yonas H Belay1

  • 1Synthesis and Catalysis Research Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg (APK Campus), PO Box 524, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.

Iucrdata
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details the crystal structure of a C14H12O4 compound, revealing dimeric structures formed by C-H…O interactions. The allylic groups exhibit twisting, and the crystal packing forms a zigzag pattern.

Keywords:
crystal structuredimerhydrogen bonding

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.3K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

35.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 1, 2025

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives
08:43

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Published on: January 19, 2016

10.3K
Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.3K
Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile
06:52

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Published on: October 30, 2018

35.7K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions and packing in organic solids is crucial for materials science.
  • The title compound, C14H12O4, presents an interesting case for structural analysis due to its functional groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the crystal structure and intermolecular interactions of the title compound.
  • To analyze the conformation of allylic groups and the packing arrangement in the solid state.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to determine the molecular and crystal structure.
  • Analysis of intermolecular C-H⋯O interactions and dihedral angles was performed.

Main Results:

  • The asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules of C14H12O4, forming dimeric entities through C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.
  • Significant twisting of allylic groups out of phenyl planes was observed, with dihedral angles ranging from 7.92(13)° to 25.42(8)°.
  • Crystal packing follows a distinct zigzag pattern along the c-axis.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully characterized the crystal structure and supramolecular assembly of the title compound.
  • The observed conformational preferences and packing motifs provide insights into the solid-state behavior of this organic molecule.