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Association between type 2 inflammatory diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in low-birth-weight children and
Hengye Huang1, Kelvin Pengyuan Zhang1,2, Karol Kexin Sun1,3
1School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Insights
Type 2 inflammatory (T2) diseases are linked to increased risks of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD) in low-birth-weight (LBW) children. These associations vary by sex and race.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health
- Immunology
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Background:
- Type 2 inflammatory (T2) diseases are increasingly recognized, but their comprehensive association with various neurodevelopmental disorders in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants remains understudied.
- Existing evidence highlights links between specific neurodevelopmental conditions and T2 diseases, yet a broader understanding is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between T2 diseases and four key neurodevelopmental disorders: intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD).
- To analyze these associations specifically within a population of LBW children and adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the 2005-2018 National Health Interview Survey, focusing on LBW children aged 3-17 years.
- Employed multiple-weighted logistic regression to assess the relationship between T2 diseases (asthma, atopic dermatitis) and neurodevelopmental disorders, adjusting for demographic covariates.
- Conducted subgroup analyses based on age, sex, and race to explore differential associations.
Main Results:
- A cohort of 11,260 LBW children was analyzed, with 3,191 having a history of T2 diseases.
- T2 disease history showed increased odds for ID (OR 1.35), ASD (OR 1.47), ADHD (OR 1.81), and LD (OR 1.74).
- Significant interactions were observed between T2 diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders concerning sex and race, but not age.
Conclusions:
- A significant association exists between T2 diseases and ASD, ADHD, and LD in LBW children, independent of demographic factors.
- The relationship between T2 diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders is moderated by sex and race, suggesting distinct biological or environmental pathways.
- Further research is warranted to establish causality and elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking T2 diseases and neurodevelopmental outcomes in LBW populations.
Background:
Evidence of the association of certain neurodevelopmental disorder with specific type 2 inflammatory (T2) disease has been found. However, the association of various neurodevelopmental disorders with T2 diseases as a whole remains unclear in low-birth-weight (LBW) infants.
Objective:
To evaluate the association of type 2 inflammatory (T2) diseases with intellectual disability (ID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and learning disability (LD) in LBW children and adolescents.
Methods:
The study sample was derived from 2005 to 2018 National Health Interview Survey sample child files. LBW children and adolescents aged 3-17 were included. History of T2 diseases (including asthma and atopic dermatitis) and four neurodevelopmental disorders were reported by adults in families. The relationship between T2 diseases and the risk of four neurodevelopmental disorders was investigated through multiple-weighted logistic regression. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, region, highest education in family and ratio of family income to the poverty threshold were adjusted as covariates for model estimation. Subgroup analyses were conducted by age stratification (3-11 and 12-17 years), sex (male and female), and race (white and non-white).
Results:
11,260 LBW children aged 3-17 years [mean age (SE), 9.73 (0.05) years] were included, in which 3,191 children had T2 diseases. History of T2 diseases was associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, with an OR of 1.35 (95% CI, 0.99-1.84) for ID, 1.47 (95% CI, 1.05-2.05) for ASD, 1.81 (95% CI, 1.51-2.16) for ADHD, and 1.74 (95% CI, 1.49-2.04) for LD following the adjustment of all the covariates. The correlations between T2 disorders and each of the four neurodevelopmental disorders were significantly different by sex and race (all P for interaction < 0.001), and no differences were found in age stratification (all P for interaction > 0.05).
Conclusion:
In a nationally representative sample of children, we found a significant association of T2 diseases with ASD, ADHD, and LD, even after adjusting for demographic baseline. We also found that the association of T2 disease with neurodevelopmental disorders differed between sex and race. Further investigation is needed to evaluate causal relationships and elucidate their potential mechanisms.
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