KRAS Mutation Detection with (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln for Noninvasive PDAC Diagnosis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which has a poor prognosis and nonspecific symptoms and progresses rapidly, is the most common pancreatic cancer type. Inhibitors targeting KRAS G12D and G12C mutations have been pivotal in PDAC treatment. Cancer cells with different KRAS mutations exhibit various degrees of glutamine dependency; in particular, cells with KRAS G12D mutations exhibit increased glutamine uptake. (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln has recently been developed for clinical cancer diagnosis and tumor cell metabolism analysis. Thus, we verified the heterogeneity of glutamine dependency in PDAC models with different KRAS mutations by a visual and noninvasive method with (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln. Two tumor-bearing mouse models (bearing the KRAS G12D or G12C mutation) were injected with (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln, and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging features and biodistribution were observed and analyzed. The SUV_max in the regions of interest (ROI) was significantly higher in PANC-1 (G12D) tumors than in MIA PaCa-2 (G12C) tumors. Biodistribution analysis revealed higher tumor accumulation of (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln and other metrics, such as T/M and T/B, in the PANC-1 mouse models compared to those in the MIAPaCa-2 mouse models. In conclusion, PDAC cells with the KRAS G12D and G12C mutations exhibit various degrees of (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln uptake, indicating that (2S,4R)-4-[¹⁸F]FGln might be applied to detect KRAS G12C and G12D mutations and provide treatment guidance.