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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

158
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
158
Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

358
The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
358
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

369
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
369
Cancer Survival Analysis01:21

Cancer Survival Analysis

345
Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

7.7K
Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 1, 2025

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
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Managing menopause after cancer.

Martha Hickey1, Partha Basu2, Jenifer Sassarini3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Newborn Health, University of Melbourne and the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Lancet (London, England)
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cancer survivors often face severe menopausal symptoms, impacting quality of life. Effective management strategies are needed, considering hormone therapy safety and non-hormonal options for cancer patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gynecology
  • Menopause Management

Background:

  • Millions of women are diagnosed with cancer annually, with breast cancer being the most common globally.
  • Improved cancer survival leads to more women experiencing long-term treatment effects like premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) or early menopause.
  • Cancer-treatment-induced menopause symptoms are often more severe than natural menopause and can include sexual dysfunction, sleep, mood, and quality of life impairments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges in diagnosing and managing menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and safety of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and non-hormonal treatments for cancer patients.
  • To highlight the need for improved, patient-centered care models for this growing population.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on menopausal symptom management in cancer survivors.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and non-hormonal interventions.
  • Discussion of diagnostic challenges and care delivery models.

Main Results:

  • Menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors can be severe and overlap with cancer-related symptoms, complicating diagnosis.
  • MHT is effective for vasomotor symptoms and generally safe for many cancer patients.
  • Non-hormonal and non-pharmacological treatments show promise, but evidence is limited, particularly for younger women and non-breast cancer diagnoses. Vaginal estrogen is safe for genitourinary symptoms, but non-hormonal options are scarce.

Conclusions:

  • Managing menopausal symptoms post-cancer requires careful consideration of treatment safety and efficacy.
  • There is a significant gap in evidence for non-hormonal treatments and a need for more research.
  • Improved, centralized, and patient-focused care models are crucial for addressing the unmet needs of cancer survivors experiencing menopause.