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Updated: Jul 1, 2025

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Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) Measurements of Secretory Neutralizing Antibody Affinity Against SARS-CoV-2.

Cara O'Mahoney1, Ian Watt2, Sebastian Fiedler2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|March 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) to measure neutralizing antibodies in saliva, crucial for defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. MDS technology offers a new way to assess these vital immune responses in saliva samples.

Keywords:
Microfluidic diffusional sizingNeutralizing antibodySARS-CoV-2Saliva

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) causes global health challenges with recurring infections.
  • Understanding immunity, especially secretory antibodies in saliva, is key to controlling the pandemic.
  • Neutralizing antibodies are critical for blocking viral entry by preventing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to human ACE2 receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the affinity of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins in saliva.
  • To evaluate Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS) as a method for measuring these salivary antibodies.
  • To assess the potential of MDS in understanding immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Microfluidic Diffusional Sizing (MDS), an immobilization-free technique.
  • Characterized antibody affinity to SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and spike trimer in saliva.
  • Employed recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies in contrived samples, followed by analysis of patient saliva samples.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the applicability of MDS for measuring neutralizing antibodies in limited saliva samples.
  • Showcased the ability of MDS to quantify the disruption of ACE2-Fc and spike trimer complexes.
  • Determined the affinity and binding site concentration of neutralizing antibodies in patient samples.

Conclusions:

  • MDS is a viable technology for characterizing neutralizing antibody affinity in saliva.
  • This method provides insights into the first line of immune defense against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Further research using MDS can enhance understanding of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2.