Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Potential of 1,8-Naphthyridine Based Scaffolds: Design, Synthesis and in Silico...

A series of spiro β-Lactams (4 a-c, 7 a-c) and thiazolidinones (5 a-c, 8 a-c) possessing 1,8-naphthyridine moiety were synthesized in this study. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds has been confirmed by IR, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro for their antibacterial and antifungal activity against various strains. The antimicrobial data showed that most of the compounds displayed good efficacy against both bacteria and fungi. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies suggested that the presence of electron-withdrawing chloro (3 b, 4 b, and 5 b) and nitro groups (7 b, 8 b) at the para position of the phenyl ring improved the antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The free radical scavenging assay showed that all the synthesized compounds exhibited significant antioxidant activity on DPPH. Compounds 8 b (IC₅₀=17.68±0.76 μg/mL) and 4 c (IC₅₀=18.53±0.52 μg/mL) showed the highest antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid (IC₅₀=15.16±0.43 μg/mL). Molecular docking studies were also conducted to support the antimicrobial and SAR results.